Obesity is a therapeutic condition in which abundance muscle to fat ratio has collected to the degree that it might negatively affect health. Individuals are by and large thought to be hefty when their body mass index (BMI), an estimation got by isolating a man's weight by the square of the individual's stature, is more than 30 kg/m2, with the range 25– 30 kg/m2 characterized as overweight. Some East Asian nations utilize bring down qualities.

Cardiology is a field which is changing rapidly. New technologies as drug-eluting stents, assist devices for left ventricle, and novel inflammatory markers, and imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and 3D echocardiography, provides an unprecedented view of the function of the heart in health and an unparalleled prospect of therapies with which to treat disease.

High levels of sugars or glucose in blood leads to such a chronic condition called diabetes mellitus. High glucose in blood may cause eye damage, kidney damage and nerve damage. Diabetes increases the risk of various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart stroke and narrowing of arteries which reduces the blood flow through the arteries. High levels of glucose in blood can damage blood vessels and nerves causing loss of sensation in sexual organs, which leads to sexual dysfunction. In addition to this, people with diabetes have more chances to develop infections that may lead to allergies. Diabetes is the main cause for cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure and blindness. Diabetes can also cause foot ulcers and hearing problems, people with diabetes have hearing impairment commonly.

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone. Patients with multi-transfused thalassemia major may develop severe endocrine complications due to iron overload. The anterior pituitary is particularly sensitive to iron overload which disrupts hormonal secretion resulting in hypogonadism, short stature, acquired hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. Glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus are also common in thalassaemic patients. Delayed or absent puberty and hypogonadism may result in fertility problems which affect enormously the life of thalassemics. Glucose intolerance in adolescence and diabetes mellitus later in life are also frequent complications mainly due to iron overload, chronic liver disease and genetic predisposition. Primary hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidsm usually appear in the second decade of life; are related to iron overload and may be reversible at an early stage by intensive chelation. Osteopenia and osteoporosis due to a complicated pathogenesis represent prominent causes of morbidity in young adults of both genders with thalassaemia. Early recognition and prevention of the endocrine complications, by early and regular chelation therapy, is mandatory for the improvement of the quality of life and psychological outcome of these patients.

Cardiac Nursing is a registered nurse who specializes to work with patients who suffer from various conditions of the cardiovascular disease. Cardiac nurses helps to treat conditions such as unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiac dysrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist. Cardiac nursing also perform postoperative care on a cardiac surgical unit, stress test evaluations, cardiac monitoring, vascular monitoring, and health assessments. Cardiac nurses work in many different environments, including coronary care units (CCU), cardiac catheterization, intensive care units (ICU), operating theatres, cardiac rehabilitation centres, clinical research, cardiac surgery wards, cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU), and cardiac medical wards.

The main goal of diabetes management is to restore carbohydrate metabolism to as close to a normal state as possible. To achieve this goal, individuals with an absolute deficiency of insulin require insulin replacement therapy, which is given through injections or an insulin pump. Insulin resistance, in contrast, can be corrected by dietary modifications and exercise. Diabetes is a metabolic disease which can be corrected by transplantation techniques. These different type of diabetic disease can be prevented by islet transplantation or even by artificial pancreas transplantation.

Molecular Biomarkers can be demarcated as “a characteristic that is accurately measured and gauged as an pointer of normal biological procedures, pathogenic procedures, or pharmacologic responses to a pharmaceutical intervention. Biomarkers play a vital part in leading clinical trials and treating patients. Advances in molecular diagnostics help medical professionals make knowledgeable, scientifically valid decisions. More well-organized discovery and usage of biomarkers in the growth of anti-diabetes drugs will depend on accelerating our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes and specifically its macrovascular complications.  Procedural improvements from other fields, especially cancer, are beginning to show the way towards better models of diabetes pathogenesis and molecular biomarker discovery.

Diabetes case reports are in-depth inquiries of an individual, crowd, occasion or public. The data are assembled from a diversity of places by various methods. The case study technique encompasses spotting what happens to, or reconstructing ‘the case history’ of a single participant or group of individuals, i.e. the idiographic approach. Case studies permit an investigator to investigate a topic in far more detailed and minute way. The case study is not itself a research method, but investigators choose methods of data collection and analysis that will generate material suitable for case studies. Most of this evidence is likely to be qualitative but the psychologist might collect numerical data as well and present in various diabetes conference and scientific sessions

Clinical cardiology is an exceptional spotlight on thinks about including analysis and administration of heart infections, for example, electrophysiology, cardiovascular inserts, heart recovery, cardiovascular drug, cardiovascular surgery, and recognizable proof of cardiovascular hazard factors.

In pancreatic islet transplantation, cells are taken from a donor pancreas and transferred into another person. Once implanted, the new islets begin to make and release insulin. Researchers hope that islet transplantation will help people with type 1 diabetes live without daily injections of insulin. Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another. Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants.

Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is the surgery of heart or great vessels. It is often carried out to treat complications of ischemic heart disease; to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease due to various causes, which include endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Other surgeries include Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery, Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs), heart transplantation and much more.

Obesity is one in every of the foremost important public health conditions worldwide. Bariatric surgery for severe fatness may be a smart treatment that results in the event and remission of the abundant obesity-related comorbidity, what is more as providing sustained weight loss and improvement in quality of life. fashionable bariatric operations embody Roux-en-Y stomatal bypass, sleeve operation, adjustable stomachal band and thus the tiny internal organ switch. Many of these procedures area unit presently performed exploitation laparoscopic technique, the foremost advantages of that embrace speedy recovery, the reduction of operative pain and thus the reduction of wound-related complications, compared with open surgery. up so far bariatric surgery is presently safe, with a mortality of three in one,000 patients; however, all bariatric operations unit associated with their own distinctive short-term and long biological process and procedural-related complications. sort two diabetes (T2DM) is that the foremost studied upset related to fatness, with info demonstrating that improvement and remission of T2DM in patients with fatness is superior once bariatric surgery compared with typical medical Medical care. Bariatric surgery is presently a section of some treatment algorithms for the medical management of patients with T2DM and several fatness.

Obesity negatively affects the capacity to get pregnant and keep up an early pregnancy. Corpulence improves the probability of unpredictable menstrual cycles and anovulation (not ovulating). Heftiness has a tendency to make a sex hormone lopsidedness that isn't good for propagation. The achievement rates of fruitlessness medications are likewise contrarily affected in overweight ladies. Corpulence has additionally been recognized as a free hazard factor for unsuccessful labor with the danger of unnatural birth cycle expanding as the BMI increments.

Diabetes throws a light in a growing epidemic imposing thoughtful social economic crisis around the nation. Despite scientific innovations and better healthcare research amenities the disease continues to burden numerous segments, especially middle and low income countries. The current trends designate the rise in premature death, posing a major threat to global development. The advancement in science and technology has observed the expansion of newer generation of Nano medicine in drugs discovery. Then, the documentation and clinical investigation of bioactive ingredients from plants have transformed the investigation on drug discovery and lead identification for diabetes management control.

Diabetes can affect every part of the body, including the skin. In fact, such problems are sometimes the first sign that a person has diabetes. Luckily, most skin conditions can be prevented or easily treated if caught early. Some of these problems are skin conditions anyone can have, but people with diabetes get more easily. These include bacterial infections, fungal infections, and itching. Other skin problems happen mostly or only to people with diabetes. These include diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic blisters, and eruptive xanthomatosis.

An insulin pump is a restorative gadget utilized for the organization of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, otherwise called nonstop subcutaneous insulin implantation treatment.